1966             First stainless produced in Middelburg, part of Rand Mines Group
1979-1981  Expansion to 150 000 tons/year

1991             Columbus Joint Venture formed (IDC, Highveld Steel & Vanadium, Samancor)

1992-1995   Expansion to 500 000 tons/year
2002              Acerinox acquired 64% of Columbus Stainless

2002-2004   Investment plans implemented and achieved 720 000 tons
2005              Acerinox acquired Highveld Steel & Vanadium’s 12% shareholding in Columbus Stainless

2011            IDC acquires 12% BHP Billiton stake. 1 million tons production capacity potential